I wrote this back in April. With the passing of a man who was both wildly famous and a model of the men they called “the right stuff,” it seems appropriate to remember some of the many things that propelled him to that one small step.
In my last post about the X-15 we looked at the sad end of Major Michael Adams. This time we are going to look at one of the happier stories from the X-15, Neil Armstrong.
Before he signed onto the Apollo program, Neil Armstrong was both a Naval aviator (serving in Korea), and a NACA/NASA test pilot. As a test pilot at Edwards he flew a wide variety of aircraft, from the B-29 Superfortress carrier aircraft (dropping the Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket) through to the X-15. Along the way he was involved in his fair share of memorable events.
For example, on April 20, 1962, he piloted the X-15 to 207,000ft to perform a maneuver designed to test a new g limiting system. As he descended he found the g limiting system didn’t respond as expected, aerodynamic force built up under the wings, and he bounced off the Earth’s atmosphere. So, instead of beginning a descent to Edwards, Armstrong saw the base pass under him as he flew on at mach 3.
He struggled to get the aircraft to respond until he dropped into thicker air, where he began a hard banked turn. By then he was over Pasadena, having over shot his planed landing zone by forty miles. Fortunately, he was still at 100,000ft and had enough energy (speed) to perform a glide to a straight in landing at Rosamond Dry Lake. With the pressure of making rapid decisions and the concentration required to fly the X-15, he almost forgot to jettison the rear fin, which would have prevented the rear skids reaching the ground and would certainly have resulted in a serious, if not fatal, accident. This unplanned extension of the flightpath resulted in the longest of all X-15 flights at 12.4 minutes and 350 miles (ground track).
The pace of work at work at Edwards didn’t allow time for basking in glory. A few days later he was piloting a T-33 Shooting Star looking for emergency landing zones for the next X-15 flight (they did this before all flights). In the rear seat was veteran dry lake landing specialist, Chuck Yeager.
There is a joke that says “two pilot, three opinions” and so in this case there are two stories. In “Yeager: An Autobiography,” Chuck describes warning Armstrong that the surface at Smith Ranch Dry Lake would be unsuitable because of recent rain. Armstrong however, recalls they made one successful landing before Chuck suggested another landing closer to the center of the “dry” lakebed.
Either way, when Armstrong touched down the muddy surface slowed the T-33 and even on maximum power he was unable to get airborne again. Both pilots agree than once stuck, Yeager was in fits of laughter.
He didn’t know it, of course, but it’s funny to think that the man who would first step onto the Moon, couldn’t get free of the earth that day.
Armstrong wasn’t done inspecting lakes and in May 1962 he took an F-104 Starfighter to inspect Delamar Lake, but failed to notice that his landing gear wasn’t fully extended. As he touched down the gear retracted and the ventral fin touched the ground and was ripped away, incapacitating his radio. Armstrong diverted to the closest landing zone, Nellis AFB. Unknown to him, the damage to his aircraft had also released the tail-hook. On landing the tail-hook caught the arrester wire and dragged the chain and it’s anchor along the runway.
The runway had to be closed while Nellis crews cleared the debris.
Armstrong called Edwards to request someone to pick him up. Milton Thompson was sent in an F-104, but was unfamiliar with the aircraft and suffered a hard landing, blowing out the tires because of heavy crosswinds.
Once again, the runway had to be closed while Nellis crews cleared the debris.
Finally, Bill Dana was sent in a T-33 Shooting Star, but almost landed long and had to be towed. In desperation, the Nellis base operations office decided it would be safer to find the NASA pilots ground transportation back to Edwards rather than risk another airplane.
It wasn’t one of Armstrong finer moments, but sometimes any publicity is good publicity. A month later, when his Apollo astronaut application arrived a week beyond the deadline, a colleague of his, Dick Day, remembered him well and slipped it into the interview pile before anyone noticed.
So fate would have its way; the man who would one day first set foot on the Moon almost missed the entire Apollo program. I like to think his reputation saved the day, what about you?
Cheers!
(Images courtesy of NASA)
Lovely tribute, Nigel. I was a kindergartener when the moon landing took place, and so did not quite get all the kafuffle. Man on the moon? Sure, why not? Pass the cookies and milk, please. Years later, of course, I did come to realize what a feat that was, for Neil, for NASA, for mankind.
Hi Sherry. I was in primary school when the landing happened. I remember being taken to the school hall for all of us to sit around a small TV and watch the landing and his first steps. I couldn’t see a thing but my imagination made up plenty. I was pretty sure we’d all be driving there by now …
Cheers!
Moving tribute, Nigel. I was a very young child when ‘man went to the moon’ but I remember the buzz about this wonderful man even years later.
Hi CC. I was young when Neil landed on the moon, but not as young as you, of course!
Cheers!
I was a young child, too . . . well, only 26. Remember it like yesterday.
Ha, seems like this post has most people thinking about their age …
Cheers!
I didn’t know any of those stories about Neil Armstrong. Man, I wish I could have seen Chuck Yeager laughing himself silly at the sight of Armstrong stuck in the muck. And I also wish I could have seen Armstrong dragging that arrester line along with him. Those would have been fodder for some great USAF/NASA blooper reels.
But it just goes to show you, sometimes everything hinges on who you know, as well as whether you’re a good guy or not. It’s not always just about pure abilities.
Thanks, Nigel!
Hi Madame W. Yeah, I like the idea of them being sent back by road after all their screw-ups. I think it’s all about who you know … which explains why I don’t know anyone …
Cheers!
It’s odd how we don’t seem to have larger-than-life figures like Neil Armstrong anymore. Maybe it’s because we’re so used to Hollywood’s overblown special effects that we don’t realize the guts it takes to actually do these things in real life.
Nice tribute, Nigel. 🙂
Hi Diane
That’s a really good point. The more TV and movies blur the lines between what’s real and what isn’t, the harder it is to tell the people who really do have the “right stuff.”
Cheers!
Neil was a very handsome man back in the day. Just sayin’. I used to live close to Edwards Airforce base in the mountains. When landing, the shuttle in the early days of flight used to fly over our house and create the loudest sonic boom you’ve ever heard. It woke us up one morning. In a deep sleep you can imagine bolting upright in panic. “What the heck was that?” Until we learned what it was. Thank you very much United States Airforce! It shook the entire house like an earthquake. Anyways, where was I going with this. Oh yes, those early astronauts were built with the right stuff indeed. Wonderful tribute Nigel. Thanks. 🙂
Hi Karen
Edwards? I think some of the pilots delighted in competing for the loudest boom in the area!
Cheers!
Wow. Thank you Nigel. I had no idea about some of Armstrong’s early adventures. I do still remember the night they landed on the moon. It’s hard to explain to my sons just how proud and hopeful I felt when Armstrong took that step and how relieved i was when they had them safely on board the carrier when they returned.
My father witnessed many of the early unmanned test shots of the NASA rockets and after seeing several fiery disasters at Cape Kennedy he greatly admired any astronaut that would sit atop any of those booster rockets.
I challenge you to do a post about what Neil Armstrong said after his “Giant leap” statement. The man had a sense of humor.
Hi Jay
Ha. Tes, NASA was concerned about the failure rate of its rockets. Their safety people concluded (by analysis) that the Saturn V would always fail, every time. So the NASA administration took the “bold” step of cutting out all the test flights and just getting on with it. They’d have no chance of proposing that scheme these days, but it was the right decision if you wanted to fulfill the mantra of man, moon, decade.
Armstrong’s words after his giant leap … hummm, now you got me wondering. I’m going to have to look that one up!
Cheers!